Mass: 54 kg based on Kurz and Marchinton 1972 and Sakai et al. 2003

Diet: herbivore based on Kurz and Marchinton 1972

Abundance: 0.01 to 87.01% (median 5.13%)

Latitudinal range: -40.5° to 55.7°

Habitats: (207), Mediterranean woodland (3), boreal forest/taiga (1), desert/xeric shrubland (5), mangrove (1), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (30), temperate coniferous forest (5), temperate savanna (2), tropical/subtropical coniferous forest (1), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (27), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (26), tropical/subtropical savanna (3)

Biogeographic distribution: Indomalaya, Palearctic, Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, North Africa, Southwest Asia

Found in 311 samples

Algeria: Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA1), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA2), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA3), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA4)

Argentina: Acambuco, Lanín National Park, Meliquina Valley

Armenia: Godedzor Level II C, Godedzor Level II B

Australia: Taunton National Park, Einasleigh Uplands

Bangladesh: Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, Patharia Hill, Rajkandi, Tarap Hill

Belgium: Hof van Leugenhaeghe

Bhutan: Lamai Goempa Research Preserve

Bulgaria: Osogovo Mountain (Natura 2000 study), Osogovo Mountain (intensive study), Osogovo Mountain (opportunistic study)

Cambodia: Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhep Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Protected Forest, Boh Dambang, Vat Komnou

Canada: St. Brieux (winter 2011), St. Brieux (spring 2012)

China: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (camera traps), Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Tangjiahe Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area, Dazhushan, Songhua River, Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Tengchong Section, Qinling Mountains, Wanglang Nature Reserve (2020), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Kanas National Nature Reserve, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Laonainaimiao (Layer 3F), Laonainaimiao (Layer 3B), Taosi, Zhoujiazhuang, Mocun Cave, Guandimiao, Shuangta, Gouwan, Muzhuzhuliang, Huoshiliang, Tianluoshan, Nanshan, Cunkong Cave, Lower Pubu Cave, Wuyun Cave, Ganxian Cave, Yanlidong (Late Stage)

Colombia: Palmar de Altamira (bosque), Palmar de Altamira (sabana)

Croatia: Northern Velebit National Park, Mujina Pecina (Level B)

Denmark: Mullerup (bone tools), Mullerup (waste), Mullerup (unidentified), Smakkerup Huse

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche

Egypt: Berenike Trogodytika (fort), Berenike Trogodytika (dump), Berenike Trogodytika (gate)

France: Côte d’Or, Salève, Mas d'Azil, Les Canalettes (Layer 2), Les Canalettes (Layer 3), Les Canalettes (Layer 4), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit III), Coudoulous I (Faunal Units IV and V), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit VI), Vergisson II, Payre (ensemble G), Payre (ensemble F), Payre (ensemble D), Orgnac 3 (level 1), Tourville-la-Rivière (level D1)

Georgia: Dzudzuana Cave (lower area, Unit B)

Germany: Havelland, Lower Oder Valley, Untermassfeld

Greece: Lakonis Cave I (hearth complex), Lakonis Cave I (upper bone breccia), Lakonis Cave I (lower bone breccia)

Hungary: Oltovâny Castle

India: Savandurga State Forest (monsoon), Savandurga State Forest (winter), Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Valparai Plateau, Similipal Tiger Reserve (camera traps), Dachigam National Park, Takalghat, Naikund, Girawad, Khirsara (layer 1), Khirsara (layer 2), Malvan (Period I), Malvan (Period II), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (good habitat area), Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (poor habitat area), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5), Mitathal (Layer 1), Mitathal (Layer 2), Chandankhera (Period III: Satavahana), Agiabir (Period I - Narhan culture), Kotada Bhadli

Indonesia: PT Asiatic Persada oil palm, Acacia mangium plantation, Bawean Island (wet season), Bawean Island (dry season), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 2), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 1), Ngalau Gupin-A, Ngalau Gupin-B

Iran: Lar Protected Area, Wezmeh Cave, Golestan National Park, Kobeh Cave, Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound), Qasr-e Ahmad

Iraq: Palegawra Cave

Israel: Shikma Biosphere Zone (spring), Shikma Biosphere Zone (summer), Shikma Biosphere Zone (winter), Manot Cave (Area D, Biogenic Unit), Motza (Early PPNB), Motza (Middle PPNB), Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB), Tel Ro'im West (PPNC), Tel Ro'im West (PN), Yiftah'el, Marj Rabba, El-Wad Cave (Early Natufian), El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian), Revadim Quarry Area B, Qesem Cave Hearth unit, Qesem Cave LSBS, Ein Gev I

Italy: Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 11.2), Cava Muracci, Riparo Biarzo (SU 5), Riparo Biarzo (SU 4 + 3B), Riparo Biarzo (SU 3A), Mondeval de Sora (SU 8), Mondeval de Sora (SU 31), San Teodoro Cave (Unit B-I), San Teodoro Cave (Unit B-II), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer D-E3), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer A), La Sassa Cave, Contrada Castro (Period A), Contrada Castro (Period B), Casal Selce 2, Isernia La Pineta (3 colluvio level), Capalbiaccio (Building J, Level III), Grotta Cucgiliana, Casal de'Pazzi

Japan: Mt. Ohdaigahara (eastern area), Fujiyoshida City, Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (autumn 2000), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (winter 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (spring 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (summer 2001), Hotohama (2010 - 2011), Hotohama (2011 - 2012), Torihama, Matsugae

Jordan: Wadi Taiyiba (WT6), Ayn Qasiyya (Area A), Khirbat al-Mudayna al-'Aliya

Kazakhstan: Begash (Phase 2), Begash (Phase 3a), Begash (Phase 3b), Begash (Phase 4)

Kenya: Usenge 3 (Kansyore)

Laos: Tam Ngu Hao 2

Lebanon: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (spring), Moghr el-Ahwal Cave 3 (Phases F & E)

Malaysia: Merapoh, Jerangau Forest Reserve, Krau Wildlife Reserve (fruit garden), Krau Wildlife Reserve (control), North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Jenut Bayek, Jenut Wan Bulan and Fruiting Area, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Bukit Cerakah Forest Reserve, Bangi Forest Reserve, Tasek Bera (2014), Endau Rompin National Park

Mongolia: Zaraa Uul (Locus 2), Zaraa Uul (Locus 3)

Morocco: Gazelle Cave (upper level), Zouhrah Cave (L 0), Zouhrah Cave (L s1), Zouhrah Cave (L 1), Zouhrah Cave (L 2), Zouhrah Cave (L 3)

Myanmar: Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Outside the Core), Naungmung and Machanbaw Townships, Kweenkoh, Mae Nyaw Kee South

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave

Papua New Guinea: Balof Shelter (Horizon I)

Poland: Sadowie 2 (Neolithic), Sadowie 2 (Early Bronze Age)

Portugal: Picareiro Cave (Layer D), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Top), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Middle), Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Lower), Picareiro Cave (Layer F), Picareiro Cave (Layer G), Vale do Mouro (Stage 2), Vale do Mouro (Stage 3), Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C)

Romania: Noviodunum (TPF sector, Getic period), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Roman period), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Middle Ages)

Russia: Geographical Society Cave, Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2B), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2)

Serbia: Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, first phase), Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, second phase)

Spain: Larraga, El Horno Cave (Level 2), Cueva del Angel, Cueva de Nerja (Last Glacial Maximum), Cueva de Nerja (Tardiglacial), Cueva de Nerja (Early Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Azilian), El Mirón Cave (Final Magdalenian), El Mirón Cave (Upper Magdalenian), El Mirón Cave (Middle Magdalenian), La Fragua Cave (Level 1), La Fragua Cave (Level 2), La Fragua Cave (Level 4), El Cierro Cave (Level B), El Cierro Cave (Level D), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/1), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/3), Bolomor Cave (Level IV), Punta Lucero III (Level F), Can Roqueta II, Gran Dolina (TD6.3)

Sri Lanka: Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase A), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase B), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase C), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase D)

Syria: Tell Tuneinir (Area 6 - Market)

Taiwan: Nanzihshian (camera traps, April)

Thailand: Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Cave of the Monk (Area 1), Ban Rai rockshelter, Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 1), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 2), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 3)

Tunisia: Doukanet el Khoutifa, Zita Area III, Square I (Roman period), Meninx

Turkey: Yaylacik Research Forest, Marmaris, Ciglikara Nature Reserve, Barhal Stream, Koycegiz Wildlife Development Reserve, Göbekli Tepe (Enclosure D), Ulucak Höyük (Level VI), Ulucak Höyük (Level V), Ulucak Höyük (Level IV), Direkli Cave

Turkmenistan: Ojakly

Ukraine: Prolom II, Mirnoe, Grot Skeliastyi (III-3B), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3-x), Buran-Kaya III Layer 4, Maidanetske (2013 season), Medzhibozh 1 (horizon 16a)

United Arab Emirates: Early ed-Dur (50 BC - 150 AD)

United States: Kleberg County, Davis Mountain Preserve, Meyer Cave, Bull Neck Swamp Research Forest

Uruguay: Rivera (gallery forest), Rivera (plantation), Rivera (grassland)

Uzbekistan: Kara-tepe, Kyzyltepa

Vietnam: Duoi U'Oi, Hiem Cave, An Son, Lang Trang (Cave II, breccia 5), Coc Muoi

♀ body mass	52163 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♀ body mass	61235 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♀ body mass	52163 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass	56699 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass	61235 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass	54431 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass	61225 kg	N = 1	Kurz and Marchinton 1972
♂ body mass	50200 kg	N = 5	Sakai et al. 2003

See also Sus, Sus arvernensis, Sus barbatus, Sus celebensis, Sus lydekkeri, Sus peii, Sus sp., Sus spp., Sus strozzii, Sus verrucosus, Sus xiaozhu